A loss of balance can take place when moving suddenly or standing. There is a higher risk of falling for those living with PD. Two of the main causes of falls include poor balance (postural instability) and freezing of gait. Postural instability and gait tend to worsen with PD, as PD affects areas of the brain known as the basal ganglia and the brainstem. These parts of the brain help control walking and play a vital role in adjusting balance as one moves. This can lead to poor balancing ability, where the reflexes needed to adjust position and prevent falls, or maintain balance as we move is impaired. For example, those with PD can experience difficulties putting their arms out to balance when walking on uneven surfaces, or taking an extra small step to avoid falling when tripping.
 
Studies show that balance training improves not only balance, but also gait, for those living with PD. After a few weeks of consistent balance training, balance ability in PD patients can significantly improve and gait speed has been shown to increase. As a result, this has been shown to reduce the overall risk of falls. Additionally, through conducting questionnaires, it was noted that fear of falling had reduced, confidence to perform daily activities improved, and overall quality of life had increased. This highlights the significance and benefits of balance training for those with PD.